这篇文章带你了解怎么整合RabbitMQ服务器，并且通过它怎么去发送和接收消息。我将构建一个springboot工程，通过RabbitTemplate去通过MessageListenerAdapter去订阅一个POJO类型的消息。

准备工作

• 15min
• IDEA
• maven 3.0

在开始构建项目之前，机器需要安装rabbitmq，如果你是用的Mac，你可以这样下载：

brew install rabbitmq

安装完成后开启服务器：

rabbitmq-server

开启服务器成功，你可以看到以下信息：

RabbitMQ 3.1.3. Copyright (C) 2007-2013 VMware, Inc.      Licensed under the MPL.  See http://www.rabbitmq.com/  Logs: /usr/local/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost.log       /usr/local/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost-sasl.log            Starting broker... completed with 6 plugins.

构建工程 构架一个SpringBoot工程，其pom文件依赖加上spring-boot-starter-amqp的起步依赖：

                
     
      org.springframework.boot
                 
     
      spring-boot-starter-amqp
             
    

创建消息接收者 在任何的消息队列程序中，你需要创建一个消息接收者，用于响应发送的消息。

@Componentpublic class Receiver {    private CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);    public void receiveMessage(String message) {        System.out.println("Received <" + message + ">");        latch.countDown();    }    public CountDownLatch getLatch() {        return latch;    }}

消息接收者是一个简单的POJO类，它定义了一个方法去接收消息，当你注册它去接收消息，你可以给它取任何的名字。其中，它有CountDownLatch这样的一个类，它是用于告诉发送者消息已经收到了，你不需要在应用程序中具体实现它，只需要latch.countDown()就行了。

创建消息监听，并发送一条消息 在spring程序中，RabbitTemplate提供了发送消息和接收消息的所有方法。你只需简单的配置下就行了：

需要一个消息监听容器 声明一个quene,一个exchange,并且绑定它们 一个组件去发送消息 代码清单如下：

package com.forezp;import com.forezp.message.Receiver;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class SpringbootRabbitmqApplication {     final static String queueName = "spring-boot";    @Bean    Queue queue() {        return new Queue(queueName, false);    }    @Bean    TopicExchange exchange() {        return new TopicExchange("spring-boot-exchange");    }    @Bean    Binding binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange) {        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(queueName);    }    @Bean    SimpleMessageListenerContainer container(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,                                             MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter) {        SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();        container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);        container.setQueueNames(queueName);        container.setMessageListener(listenerAdapter);        return container;    }    @Bean    MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter(Receiver receiver) {        return new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver, "receiveMessage");    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootRabbitmqApplication.class, args);    }}

创建一个测试方法：

@Componentpublic class Runner implements CommandLineRunner {    private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;    private final Receiver receiver;    private final ConfigurableApplicationContext context;    public Runner(Receiver receiver, RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate,            ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {        this.receiver = receiver;        this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;        this.context = context;    }    @Override    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {        System.out.println("Sending message...");        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Application.queueName, "Hello from RabbitMQ!");        receiver.getLatch().await(10000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);        context.close();    }}

启动程序，你会发现控制台打印